Objectives. To identify the risk factors that were associated with abandonment of treatment and mortality in tuberculosis (TB)\npatients. Methods. This study was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study involving tuberculosis patients treated between 2002\nand 2008 in a TB reference center. Results. A total of 1,257 patients were evaluated, with 69.1% men, 54.4% under 40 years of\nage, 18.9% with extrapulmonary disease, and 9.3% coinfected with HIV. The risk factors that were associated with abandonment\nof treatment included male gender (OR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.15ââ?¬â??3.65) and nonadherence to previous treatment (OR = 3.14; 95%\nCI = 1.96ââ?¬â??5.96). In addition, the presence of extrapulmonary TB was a protective factor (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14ââ?¬â??0.76). The\nfollowing risk factors were associated with mortality: age over 40 years (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.76ââ?¬â??3.85), coinfection with HIV\n(OR = 6.01, 95% CI = 3.78ââ?¬â??9.56), illiteracy (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.27ââ?¬â??2.75), the presence of severe extrapulmonary TB (OR = 2.33,\n95% CI = 1.24ââ?¬â??4.38), and retreatment after relapse (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.01ââ?¬â??3.75). Conclusions.Male gender and retreatment after\nabandonment were independent risk factors for nonadherence to TB treatment. Furthermore, age over 40 years, coinfection with\nHIV, illiteracy, severe extrapulmonary TB, and retreatment after relapse were associated with higher TB mortality. Therefore, we\nsuggest the implementation of direct measures that will control the identified risk factors to reduce the rates of treatment failure\nand TB-associated mortality.
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